Oral History Interviews
with Robert G. Nixon
News correspondent with the International News Service (INS), 1930-58; INS State Department and foreign relations correspondent in 1938; war correspondent, attached to the British army in France and Belgium, 1940, during invasion of the low countries; evacuated from Dunkirk but later returned to France; evacuated with the British army from Brest, June 20, 1940; covered London Blitz, 1940-41; war correspondent, attached to United States forces in European theater of operations, 1942-1943; correspondent in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and Mediterranean theater, participating in North African invasion and campaign. Covered Casablanca conference, 1943; Quebec conference, 1944; and Potsdam, 1945. Washington correspondent covering the White House beginning 1944.
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Interview Transcripts
1970
October: 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30
November: 4, 5, 6, 20, 23
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[Notices and Restrictions | List of Subjects Discussed]
Notice
These are transcripts of tape-recorded interviews conducted for the Harry S. Truman Library. A draft of each transcript was edited by the interviewee but only minor emendations were made; therefore, the reader should remember that these are essentially transcripts of the spoken, rather than the written word.
Numbers appearing in square brackets (ex. [45]) within the transcript indicate the pagination in the original, hardcopy version of the oral history interview.
RESTRICTIONS
These oral history transcripts may be read, quoted from, cited, and reproduced for purposes of research. They may not be published in full except by permission of the Harry S. Truman Library.
List of Subjects Discussed
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X-Y-Z
A
Acheson, Dean, 514, 516, 723, 729, 745, 826, 827, 828, 889, 971-973, 1053
-
- Johnson, Louis, relationship between, 495, 505, 508, 512
speech dealing with the defense perimeter of the United States, 495-496
Truman, Harry S.:
- informs of the North Korean invasion of South Korea, 719-720, 721
as Secretary of State for, 505, 508
- Adams, Sherman, visits White House, 960-965
Ak-Sar-Ben, 546, 549
Alamogordo, New Mexico, 311, 315
Algiers, 77, 78
Allen, George E., 357
Allis, Barney, 952
Ambassador Hotel, 953
America Firsters, 53, 81
American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 352
American Legion, 657
American Legion Fair, Caruthersville, Missouri, 365, 368, 369, 371-372
American Red Cross, 288
Americans for Democratic Action, 138, 569, 650
Anderson, Vernice, 755-756, 761, 839
Antwerp, Belgium, 339, 345
Arlington National Cemetery, 776, 777, 787
Arnez, Desi, 565
Arvey, Jacob M., 138, 545, 569
Assassination attempt on the life of Harry S. Truman, 776-792
Associated Press (AP), 289, 290, 399, 522, 979, 994, 1002
Atlanta, Georgia, 119
Atomic bomb:
- Germany:
Korean war, possible use during, 805-810
Leahy, William, opinion of the power of, 713-714
Nixon, Robert G.:
- knowledge of the secret projects to create, 312-314
opinion on the decision to use, 315-317
Truman, Harry S.:
- announces to the crew of the Augusta that the first bomb had been dropped on
informed of the successful testing of, 315
questioned by reporters about Great Britain and, 373-379
Stalin, Joseph, informed that the United States had a new weapon, 320-321
statement dealing with the use of, 612-614
Atomic bomb project:
- Nixon, Robert G., knowledge of, 312-314
Truman, Harry S., informed of, 311-312
Attlee, Clement, 264, 265, 299, 325, 326
- atomic bomb, reaction to the possible use of in Korea, 806-810
Augusta, U.S.S., 254, 255, 259, 263, 266, 284, 316, 319, 320, 321, 324, 327, 343, 345, 346, 367, 669, 711
- Potsdam, voyage to, 267-269
Truman, Harry S., announces that first atomic bomb had been dropped while aboard, 328-329
Autobahn, 309
Ayers, Eben, 197, 201, 202-204, 205, 619-620, 797-798, 812
B
Bacall, Lauren, 565
Ball, Lucille, 565
Baltimore Sun, 205, 360, 605, 669, 796
Baltimore, U.S.S., 72
Barkley, Alben, 127-128, 585, 875-876, 885
- Truman, Harry S., names as his Vice Presidential candidate in 1948 election, 583-584
Barringer, Lewis T., 369
Baruch, Bernard, 49, 100
Batista, Pulgencio, 536
Battersea Power Station, 16
Battle of the Bulge, 339
Beatty, Morgan, 289
Berkeley, California, 563-564
Berlin, Germany, 255
Biffle, Leslie, 368-369, 372
Birdzell, Donald, 783, 784
Black market, in Potsdam, 345-347, 348-349
Blair-Lee House, 728-729, 818
- Truman, Harry S., attempted assassination of at, 777-789
Bohlen, Charles, 285-286
Bonham, Texas, 596, 599-600
Booth, Win, 485, 490
Bradley, Omar N., 744, 745, 751, 763, 764
Brandenburg Gate, 300, 302
Brandt, Pete, 1004
Brest, France, evacuation of, 9-11
Bridges, Styles, 821
Brown, Walter, 286
Bruenn, Howard, 105, 107, 117-118
Butte, Montana, 550
Byrnes, James F., 71, 238-239, 263, 270-271, 283, 286, 294, 301, 303-304, 309
- Secretary of State, appointed, 244
Truman, Harry S.:
Vice Presidential candidate, potential nominee in 1944, 61, 62, 63-64
C
Cadillac Square, 590
Cairo Conference, 260
Campaign train of Harry S. Truman:
- advisors aboard, 616
financial problems involved with, 596, 599-602
Truman, Harry S., his daily routine while aboard, 604-605
Canada, Truman, Harry S., comments on sharing the atomic bomb with, 373-374
Canfil, Fred, 171
- Truman, Harry S., friendship with, 261-262
Card games, 353-363
Carey, Idaho, 554, 556, 559
Caruthersville, Missouri, 365, 368, 369, 371-372
Casablanca Conferences, 33, 260
Castro, Fidel, 536
Chambers, Whitaker, 411, 933
Charlottesville, Virginia, 985
Chiang Kai-shek, 514
- Korean war, possible use of his army in, 818-826
Chicago, Illinois, 650, 893
Chicago Sun Times, 652
Chicago Tribune, 393, 418, 647, 652, 661, 1032
China, 1034, 1040
Churchill, Winston, 8-9, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 84, 87, 98, 100, 167, 254, 258, 260, 272, 281, 294,
- Great Britain's elections, defeated in, 79-80, 264-266
Iron Curtain speech, Fulton, Missouri, 85
Potsdam, at, 310-311
speaking ability of, 85-86
Truman, Harry S., as an admirer of, 325-326
United States' aid in fighting Germany, sought, 81-82
Civil rights, as an issue in the 1948 Presidential election, 649
Clifford, Clark, 288, 391, 615, 616-617, 704, 707
Coates, Wilma, 559-561
Coffelt, Leslie, 783
Cohen, Benjamin, 285
Colliers, 1011-1012, 1023, 1026-1027
Columus, Ohio, Dispatch, 410, 419
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 777
Commodity Credit Corporation, 621-622
Commodore Hotel, 958
Congress:
- MacArthur, Douglas, speech to, 831-833
Truman, Harry S.:
- announcement to recall the 80th Congress, 574-583, 585-588
attacks in the 1948 election campaign, 550-554
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 778
Congress of Vienna, 285, 298-299
Congressional Directory, 675
Connelly, Matthew, 156, 160, 174, 178, 179, 198, 199, 604, 607, 614-615, 704, 707, 937, 1011, 1047
Constitution Hall, 798, 799, 800, 803
Conway, Rose, 940, 976, 982, 985, 996-997, 1049
Coolidge, Calvin, 379, 404, 405
Council of Foreign Ministers, 323, 324
Craig, May, 424, 674-675, 677-678
Cuba, Harry S. Truman visits, 535-538
D
Daily News, 91
Daniels, Jonathan, 116, 156, 157, 165, 194, 657
Daniels, Josephus, 657
Dardanelles, 343
Davis, Elmer, 574, 576, 587
Dawson, Donald, 618, 707, 861, 945
Deepfreezer scandal, 934, 936-939, 944
Defense Department, Louis Johnson cuts defense budget, 498-501
DeGaulle, Charles, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36
Democratic Convention, 1944:
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., acceptance speech at, 68-69
Vice,Presidential candidate, contender for the nomination, 59-64
Democratic Convention, 1948, 571-588, 650
- Truman, Harry S., announces his decision to recall the 80th Congress, 574-583, 585-588
Democratic Convention, 1952, 881-883
- Presidential nomination, contenders for, 871-878
Democratic Convention, 1956, 1055
Democratic National Committee, 893, 911
- Truman, Harry S., pays for the campaign train used for the 1948 election, 596, 599-602
Dennison, Robert L., 712, 861
- Key West, reaction to photographs taken from a Navy blimp, 475, 481, 482
Missouri, U.S.S., as captain of, 483-491
Naval Aide, as, 491-492
Denver, Colorado, 556
Detroit, Michigan, 590
Dewey, Thomas E., 74, 78, 545, 627, 637, 647, 651-652, 654, 682, 684-685, 693, 853, 934,
Dexter, Iowa, 891-892
- Truman, Harry S., speech given at the National Plowing Contest, 621-627, 638-639
Dill, Sir John, 776-777
Dixiecrats, 645, 656
Dodge, Joseph P., 958
Douglas, William O., 61, 62
Downs, Joseph, 783
Drescher, George, 347, 348-349
Dunkirk, evacuation of, 6-8
- 137
Early, Stephen, 25, 39-40, 77-78, 104, 119, 120, 123, 156, 157, 189, 193, 209-211, 212, 357, 387, 809-813
- Truman, Harry S., as his Assistant Secretary of Defense, 510
Edelstein, Julius, 288
Eightieth Congress, 651
Einstein, Albert, 313
Eisenhower, Dwight David, 28, 33, 78, 129-130, 132, 306, 307, 333, 357, 433, 545, 569, 610, 715, 831, 834,
-
- 837, 847-848, 872, 878, 881, 888, 897-898, 905, 907, 918, 920, 949, 950, 999-1000, 1002, 1010, 1016, 1017
- evaluation of, 136, 226-227
Gettysburg, visits to, 231-236
golfer, as a, 229, 234-236
headquarters of, 30-31
Inauguration Day,1952, 966-972
Jenner, William E., relationship with, 928-929
Korea, speech in which he promises to visit, 925-927, 929, 968
popularity of, 931-932
Presidential press conferences of, 430-432
press, and the, 226-235
stroke, after effects of, 144-145
temperament of, 144
Truman, Harry S.:
Eisenhower,Mrs. Dwight David (Mamie), 967
Eisenhower, John, 142
Elbe, 304, 307, 308
Elsey, George, 288, 391, 566, 616
Evans, Tom L., 690
Excelsior Springs, Missouri, 681-682
-
F
Fair Deal,
- 696
Fala speech. See White House Correspondents Dinner, 1945, 95-97
Farley, James, 871
Farm vote in the 1948 Presidential election, 622-627, 639, 644
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 940
Feeney, Joseph, 701-702, 704, 861, 862
Ferdinand Magellan, 60
- Presidential election of 1948, 596-605
Fishing, 363-365
Five percenters, 934, 945-946, 951
Fleeson, Doris, 974-975
Folliard, Eddie, 207, 570, 669
Foreign Ministers, Council of, 323, 324
Formosa, possible use of their forces in the Korean war, 818-826
Forrestal, James V., attends testimonial dinner given for Louis Johnson, 934-937
Fort Benning, 500
Fort Jefferson, 530-531
Foskett, James H., 267-268, 711-712
Fritchey, Clayton, 895-896
Fulton, Missouri, 85
G
Gatow Airfield, 294
George V, 326, 327
George VI, 322, 326-327
Georgia Tech, 313
Georgian, 2, 4
Germany, 313, 636
-
- Allied plans for the invasion of, 304-305, 306-307
atomic bomb:
black market in, 275-277
destruction in, 340-341
jets, use of in World War II, 338
surrender, announcement of, 336-337
Truman, Harry S., reviews United States' troops in, 308-309
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, attitude toward, 274, 278
- Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Visits by Dwight D. Eisenhower, 231-236
Gibralter, 30, 344
Girard, General Henri Honore, 31, 32, 33-34, 37
Godman, Earl, 382
Goebbels, Josef, 301
Goering, Hermann, 52, 53, 301, 330
Graham, Captain Frank, 286
Graham, Wallace, 208, 287-288, 795
Grant, Ulysses Simpson, 932
Great Britain, 313, 344, 636
- blitz attack by Germany, 1023-1025
elections, 1945, 264-266
Truman, Harry S., comments on sharing the atomic bomb with, 373-374
Greece, aid to, 181, 215, 570, 1037-1038
Gridiron Club, 633
Griffith Stadium, 951
Guantanamo Bay, 535
H
Hachmeister, Louise L. 108
Hagerty, James, 226, 227, 228, 233, 430, 1018
Haiti, 535
Hannegan, Robert, 60, 71
Harding, Warren, 173, 210
Harlem, New York, 649, 651
Harriman, W. Averell, 556-557
Hassett, William C., 108, 109, 113, 117, 118, 197-198, 199, 617-618, 707, 861
Hastie, William O., 533-534
Hawaii, 746, 747, 749, 756, 762
Hearst, William Randolph, Sr., 458, 661, 739, 1032
Hearst newspaper chain, 457-459, 647, 830
Hemmingway, Ernest, 524
Hillman, William, 1011, 1012, 1022-1024, 1026-1028
Hiroshima, Japan, 316, 329, 373, 805
Hiss, Alger, 411, 933
Hiss-Chambers case, 410, 416, 419
Hitler, Adolf, 51, 52, 297, 300, 301, 330, 715
Hobcaw,Barony, 57-58, 100
Hogan, Ben, 229
Holmes, George R., 632-634
Hoover, Herbert, 379, 405, 1016
House of Representatives, 785
Hull, Cordell, 20, 21, 22, 1053
Hume, Paul, 1044-1045
-
- Truman, Harry S., sends letter to, 798-804
- Humphrey, George, 235
Humphrey, Hubert, 650
Hutchinson, William K., 333, 632, 634
Hyde Park, 95, 97, 98, 100, 147
Hydrogen bomb, 614
I
Illinois,
- 625
Inauguration of the President, 1945, 75-76
Inauguration of the President, 1953, 966-973
Inchon, Korea, 744
- United States troops landed at, 741
Independence, Missouri, 241, 242, 243, 673, 679, 685, 690
Indian Ocean, 344
Indian Treaty Room, Presidential press conferences moved to, 404, 406, 414, 422, 425-429, 434-436, 439-441
Indiana, 628
Inter-American Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 483
International News Service, 26, 290, 457, 1023
- Nixon, Robert G., work for, 406
Iran, 1036-1037
Iron Curtain speech, 85
Israel, founding of the State of, 195-196
J
Jackson Place, 778, 787, 788
James, Frank, 371
James, Jesse, 371
Japan, 315, 1040
-
- MacArthur, Douglas, as commanding general of United States occupation forces in, 739-740
Nixon, Robert G., opinion on decision to drop the bombs, 315-317
Pearl Harbor, bombing of, 20-26
surrender of, 331-335
Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, enters into the war against, 317-320, 331
United States troops in, 487-498
Wake Island Conference communique, as part of, 765-766, 772-773
- Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner, 1952, 141, 854, 864-866
Jefferson, Thomas, 985
Jenner, William E., 928-929, 968
Jersey City, New Jersey, 890
Jessup, Phillip C., 755
Johnson, Alvanley, 643
Johnson, Louis:
- Acheson, Dean, feud between, 495, 505, 508, 512
Defense budget cut by, 498-504
Roosevelt, Franklin D., as Assistant Secretary of War for, 505
Secretary of Defense, resignation as, 509-513, 514-515
testimonial dinner given for, 734-737
Truman, Harry S., appointed as Secretary of War for, 507, 508
Woodring, Harry H., problems between, 505-507
Johnson, Lyndon, 635, 877, 916
- Presidential press conferences of, 433-434
Jonesboro, Arkansas, 368
K
Kaiser, Henry J.,
- 61, 62
Kaiserhoff Hotel, 346
Kaltenborn, H.V., 682-683, 685
Kansas City, Missouri, 351, 679, 724
Kansas City Star, 671, 672-674, 980-981, 1031
Karusu, Naburo, 21
Kefauver, Estes, 417, 875, 876, 877
- crime investigations of, 933
Kennedy, John F., 333, 791, 792, 877, 896
Kennedy, Joseph P., differences with Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1024-1026
Key West, 196
- fishing at, 363-365
newsmen at, 519-524, 542, 543
poker, played at, 360-363
post exchange (PX), at, 857-860, 862
Truman, Harry S.:
- announces to the staff that he will not run in 1952, 855-857
dives in captured German U-boat, 473-474
fisherman, as a, 363-364
photographed from Navy blimp, 475-481, 482
Presidential press conferences at, 467-473, 478-479
visits to, 524-528, 691-693
United States' submarine base at, 528-530
Kiel Auditorium, St. Louis, Missouri, 658-660, 1032
Klamath Falls, Oregon, 343
Korea, speech by Dean Acheson excluding it from the defense perimeter of the United States, 495-496
Korean war, 495-497, 635, 889, 1040
- atomic bomb, possible use of in, 805-810
China's entry into the war, 742-743, 767-769, 772-773, 792-794, 814-815, 851
Eisenhower, Dwight D., speech in which he promised to visit the area, 925-927, 929, 968
Nixon, Robert G.:
- opinion of our involvement in, 732-733
problems in getting stories about the invasion, 722-731
North Korean invasion of South Korea, 497-498, 719-720 722, 729-733
Truman, Harry S., calls meeting of advisors to discuss, 729-730, 731, 733
United Nations, troops in, 774, 804
United States troops, weapons used during, 499-501
unpopularity of, 852, 926, 933
Krock, Arthur, 242-243, 461, 611, 670, 671, 838, 844, 988, 995, 1045
Krushchev, Nikita, 234
L
Labor vote in the 1948 Presidential election,
- 630, 639, 643-644
Lafayette Park, 778
Lake Forest, Illinois, 893
Lancastria, 10
Landry, Robert B., 861
League of Nations, 41
Leahy, William D., 283-284, 332, 524, 861
- atomic bomb, opinion of, 713-714
background of, 712-716
Roosevelt, Franklin D., appointed as United States Ambassador to Vichy government, 715-716
Lend lease, 502, 1038
Leviero, Anthony H., 759
- Wake Island Conference notes, writes exclusive story dealing with, 838-846
Lewis, Clyde A., 817
Libertyville, Illinois, 893
Libya, 1020
Life magazine, 547, 548, 925
Lincoln, Abraham, 1052
Lincolns, Carroll, 520
Lindberg, Charles A., 50-51
- America Firsters, head of, 53
Germany, attitude toward, 52-53
Roosevelt, Franklin D., meets with, 52
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 610, 958
London, England, discussion of the blitz, 12-20
Los Angeles, California, 564-565
Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, 418
Los Angeles Times, 393
Luce, Henry, 488, 925, 930
Luftwaffe, 52
M
MacArthur, Douglas,
- 38-39, 72, 497, 723, 729, 776, 804, 814, 926
- background of, 846-850
Congress, speech to, 831-833
Japan, as commanding general of United States occupation forces in, 739-740
Korean war:
- announcement that China entered the war, 793-794
commander of United States forces in Korea, as, 743-746
Martin, Joseph, letter to, 821-827
political aspirations of, 738
relieved of duty, reasons, 815-831, 849-850
Republican nomination, 1952, attempts to get, 833-837
returns to United States, 835
Truman, Harry S.:
Wake Island conference:
McCarthy, Joseph R., 411, 471-472, 696, 703, 852, 889, 928, 933
McClendon, Sara, 424, 676, 677-678
McCormick, Colonel Robert, 661, 1032
McIntire, Ross T., 42, 43, 59, 104
McKim, Edward D., 161, 162, 269, 546, 547, 1046
McMahon, Captain Alphonse, 287
Manchester Guardian, 452
Maragon, John, 175-177, 179-181
Marseilles, France, 31, 32
Marshall, George, 138-139, 193, 315, 316, 317, 318, 338, 513-514, 744, 745, 827, 828, 1053
- China, mission to, 514
Secretary of Defense, appointed, 515
Secretary of State, as, 516
Truman, Harry S., relationship, 927-928
Marshall plan, 193, 215, 502, 570, 1038
Martha, Princes of Norway, 116-117
Martin, Joseph, 831, 836-837
- MacArthur, Douglas, letter to, 821-827
Matthews, Freeman, 285
Mayflower Hotel, 352
Maylon, Charles, 701-702
Meaney, George, 352
Mediterranean, 344
Memoirs, Harry S. Truman, 1009, 1011, 1012-1013
Mesta, Perle, Presidential campaign, 1948, 599-602
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1011
Mink coat scandal, 939-944, 951, 1049
Missouri, U.S.S., 712, 739
- Inter-American Conference at Rio de Janeiro, the return trip on, 483-491
Mr. President, by William Hillman, 1022, 1027-1028
Molotov, Vyacheslav M., meeting with Harry S. Truman, 280-282
Montgomery, Bernard L., 307
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 57, 99-100, 254, 257-259, 875
- relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt, 47, 48-49, 50
Morgenthau plan, 46-47, 258
Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 318
Mount Rainier, 237, 986
Muehlebach Hotel, 497, 678-679, 686, 721, 952
Murphy, Charles S., 288, 563, 616, 704, 861
Mutual Broadcasting Company, 994, 1023, 1026
My First Fifty Years in Politics, 826
N
Nagasaki, Japan,
- 373, 805
Napoleon, 298
Narvik, Norway, 313
Nash, Philleo, 195-196
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 289, 1022
National Plowing Contest, Dexter, Iowa, speech given by Harry S. Truman at, 621-627, 638-639
Neutrality Act, 53, 81
New Deal, 80, 696
New York City, New York, 890
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., campaigns in, 72-74
New York Herald-Tribune, 418, 605, 662
New York Times, 243, 393, 418, 431, 451, 452, 464, 465, 586, 605, 631, 670, 671, 759-760, 820, 962, 994,
- Truman, Harry S., runs exclusive interview with, 446-448
Wake Island conference notes, carries an exclusive on, 838-846
Newsmen:
News photographers, 475-481, 482
News service reporters, special privileges of, 382
Niles, David, 195, 196, 197
Nimitz, Chester, 38, 72, 317
Nixon, Richard M., 129-130, 410, 416, 703, 891, 933, 967
- Presidential press conferences of, 437, 438
Nixon, Robert G., 389, 1012
- atomic bomb:
- Japan, opinion of use in, 315-317
knowledge of the project to create, 312-314
Berlin, Germany, tour of, 299-304
biographical information, 1-3
Brest, France, evacuated from, 9-11
Churchill, Winston, reasons for defeat in 1945 elections, 79-80
Eisenhower, Dwight D., evaluation of, 136-137
Germany, tour of, 295-298
Great Britain, 1945 election prediction, 264-266
International News Service, work for, 4-6
Japan's surrender announcement, his reporting of, 332-335
Korean war:
- opinion of our involvement in, 732-733
problems involved in getting a story on, 722-731
London, England, recollection of the attack on in World War II, 12-20
North African invasion, covers, 29-37
Pearl Harbor, learns of bombing of, 20-26
Potsdam, the expenses of the trip, 365-368
Presidential campaign, 1948:
- exhaustive pace of, 590-593
Ferdinand Magellan, accommodations, 593-595
Reel foot Lake, problems of reporting from, 375-378
Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
- death of
funeral of, attends, 146-149
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., opinion of, 896-900
Truman, Harry S.:
- exclusive interview with, 611-614, 686-690, 988-1001, 1004-1008, 1013-1017, 1018-1020, 1021
friendly manner toward, 668-670
poker, discusses the games of, 269-271, 353-363
Presidential campaign, 1948, predicts victory in, 645-649, 653, 655
Presidential campaign, 1952, learns that he will not run, 857-871
pressure to get an exclusive interview with, 452-456
relationship, 1055-1056
Senator, evaluated as a, 64-65
sports shirt, receives from, 539-541
Yalta Conference, questions concerning, 278-279
Tubby, Roger, problems between, 989-996, 1007
war correspondent, as a, 6-9
White House reporter, as a, 37-38
North Africa:
- American troops in, 29-37
Stalin demands a military base on the coast of, 343
North Korea, invasion of South Korea, 497-498
Noyes, David M., 1011, 1012
O
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,
- 596, 599
- Truman, Harry S., speech by, 602-604
Olympia, Washington, 236-237
Olympic Coronet, 317
Omaha, Nebraska, 556
- Thirty-fifth Division Association's reunion in, 545-549
Omaha, U.S.S., 77
P
Pace, Frank,
- 746, 751
Patterson, Mrs. Eleanor Medill (Cissy), 605
Pearl Harbor, 20-26
Pearson, Drew, 1050
Pennsylvania Avenue, 350, 778
Perlmeter, Irving, 206, 207, 209, 717, 718
Persons, Major Jerry "Slick," 847-848, 1018
Petain, Henri Philippe, 10, 716
Philadelphia Inquirer, 962
Philippines, 103, 1040
Plymouth, England, 322, 326
Poker, Harry S. Truman as a player of, 353-363
Poland, 278
Polo Boys, 174
Portland Press Herald, 674
Potsdam Conference, 4, 134, 171, 172, 272, 273, 353, 713, 1020
- Augusta, U.S.S., voyage to, 267-269
black market in, 345-349
events surrounding, 254-282, 283-329
members of the President's party at, 283-290
Stalin, demands made at, 343-344
Truman, Harry S.:
- frustrations involved at, 323-325
Stalin, informs of a new weapon just tested by the United States, 320-321
trip to, 291-294
Presidential campaign, 1944, 218-219
Presidential campaign, 1948:
- Dewey, Thomas, 629-631, 640
Mesta, Perle, involvement, 599-602
newsmens' coverage of, 542-543, 641-642
Truman, Harry S., 638-640, 947, 948
- campaign train, accommodations on, 593-595
Eightieth Congress, attacks on, 550-554
exhaustive pace of, 590-593
financial problems, involved in the campaign, 596, 599-602
pre-campaign trip, June 1948, 545-550, 554, 555, 556-569
southern trip, 656-658
whistlestops, 627-629
Presidential campaign, 1952, 139-141
- Democrats trying for the nomination, 871-878
Stevenson, Adlai, 884, 886-907, 909-921, 931-932
- as a choice for the nomination, 878-880
Truman, Harry S.:
- announces that he will not run, 855-870
campaigns for Adlai Stevenson, 947-951
decision not to run, 851-855
Presidential campaign, 1956:
Presidential election, 1948:
- civil rights as an issue, 649
farm vote in the 1948 election, 622-627, 639, 644
labor vote in the 1948 election, 630, 639, 643-644
results of, 683-685, 687-688
Southern votes in, 656
Truman, Harry S.:
Presidential inauguration, 1953, 141-142
Presidential press conferences:
- communicating to the nation, as a means to, 404, 406
Eisenhower, Dwight D., press conferences of, 430-432
identification of questioners, reasons for, 406-420, 422-423, 424
Johnson, Lyndon B., press conferences of, 433-434
Kennedy, John F., press conferences of, 432
moved to the Indian Treaty Room, 404, 406, 414, 421-422, 425-429, 434-436
Nixon, Richard M., press conferences of, 437, 438
preparation for, 390-391
reporting of, 430-435
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 155, 380-381, 382-386, 387, 391, 392, 402, 430
trial balloons launched at, 467
Truman, Harry S., 387-388, 390, 393-395, 401-403, 421-424, 467-473, 478-479
Presidents Who Have Known Me, 357
Press:
- leaks to, 493-494
objectivity in reporting and questioning, a discussion of, 457-461
Short, Joseph, relationship with, 716-718
Truman, Harry S.,
White House staff, accessibility to, 704-708, 716-718
Press Secretary, Joseph Short as, 716-718
Progressive Party, 644
Public Papers of the President, Harry S. Truman, 426, 770
Puerto Rico, 785, 788, 791, 792
-
Q
Quantico, Virginia,
- 229, 248, 251
Quarantine speech, 55-56
Quebec, Canada, Conference, 38, 87, 100, 260
Queen Mary, 38
Quezon, Manuel Luis, 102-103
-
R
Raleigh, North Carolina, 658
Rayburn, Sam, 178, 572-573, 583, 585, 596, 832, 935
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 940, 941, 945
Red herring remark, 412-413
Red Sea, 344
Reelfoot Lake, visited by Harry S. Truman, 369-370, 372, 375-378
Reich Chancellory, 300, 302, 304, 346
Reichstag, 303
Reilly, Mike, 347, 348
Reinsch, Leonard, 160, 163-165, 201, 833-837
Reuters, 759
Reynaud, Paul, 9
Reynolds, R. J., 658
Rigdon, William M., 283, 287, 289, 474, 861
Rio de Janeiro, Inter-American Conference at, 483
Roberts, Roy, 672-674, 980, 1031
Romagna, Jack, 157, 222, 289
Roosevelt, Eleanor (Mrs. Franklin D.), 119-120, 147, 150-151
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 38, 45-49, 78, 80, 81, 87, 194, 212, 247-248, 258, 260, 274, 280, 283, 306, 308, 310,
-
-
- 311, 325, 338, 341, 347, 348, 353, 357, 411, 441, 443, 615-616, 644, 647, 692, 696, 699, 700, 707, 715, 765, 790, 792, 797, 871, 875, 907, 911, 949-950, 955-956, 1052
- appearance of, 152-153, 154
automobile rides, as a lover of, 99, 102
background of, 152
death of, 110-113, 188
Democratic Convention, 1944, acceptance speech, 68-69
friendly manner of, 665, 666
funeral of, 120-124, 147
health of, 42-44, 56-59, 66-67, 69-71, 75-76
hearing problems of, 104
Hobcaw, Barony, visit to, 57-58
Inauguration of, 75-76
Johnson, Louis, as Assistant Secretary of War for, 505
Joint Session of Congress, appearance before, 89-90
Kennedy, Joseph, differences between, 1024-1026
Leahy, William D., appoints as United States Ambassador to the Vichy government, 715-716
Morgenthau, Henry, relationship, 47, 48-49, 50
New York, campaigns in, 91
personality of, 128-129
Presidential campaign, 1944, 72-74
Presidential press conferences, 155, 380-387, 391, 392, 402, 430
quarantine speech, 55-56
Quezon, Manuel Luis, meets with, 102-103
Staff of, 156-157
stamp collector, as a, 99
Truman, Harry S.:
- relationship, 158
treatment of, 125-127, 129, 131-132
Vice Presidential candidate, as his choice for, 71
Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, attitude toward, as an ally, 92-94
United Nations, hopes for, 40-42
Vice President, 1944, choices for, 60-64
Warm Springs, as a retreat for, 95-99
Watson, General Edwin M. (Pa), relationship with, 88-89
White House Correspondents Dinner, 1945, speech given during, 95-97
Woodring, Harry H., as Secretary of War for, 505-507
- Roosevelt, James, 88-89
Rosenman, Samuel 1., 61, 62, 65, 67-68, 77, 189-190, 193, 284, 390, 575, 585, 615-616, 706
- speechwriter, as a, 54-56
Ross, Charles G., 165, 187, 199-201, 202, 204, 205, 208, 211, 215-216, 237, 242, 248, 252, 256, 257,
-
- 263, 272, 282, 288, 335, 336, 353, 358, 360, 373, 374, 378, 388-389, 414, 417-418, 421, 426, 435, 436, 437, 460, 490, 497, 514-515, 519, 520, 561, 573, 583, 586, 608, 619, 679, 682, 720, 738, 779-780, 794-795, 796, 797, 798, 799-800, 803, 810
- evaluation of as Press Secretary, 212-214
exclusive press interviews, a discussion of, 449-451
Key West, at, 478, 481, 482-483
Press Secretary as, 212-214, 716, 718
Truman, Harry S., friendship between, 217-218, 220
Wake Island, at, 756-762
Rowley, Jim, 779-780
Ruhr, 295
Russell, Richard, 877
Rutherford, Lucy, 111-112, 114-115
S
Saint Croix, 534, 537
Saint John, 535
St. Louis Globe Democrat, 418
St. Louis, Missouri, speech given by Harry S. Truman in, 659-663, 1032
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 200, 217, 418, 796, 979
Saint Thomas, 535, 538
Sakhalin Islands, 92
Salt Lake City, Utah, 241
San Francisco, California, 103
-
- United Nations meeting at, 101
- San Francisco Examiner, 393, 418
San Juan, Puerto Rico, 539
Sawyer, Charles S., 293
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., as writer for Adlai Stevenson, 896-899
Seattle, Washington, 595
Secret Service, 107-108, 112, 346, 347, 780-781, 789
- Truman, Harry S., difficulty of guarding, 349-352
Senate War Investigating Committee, 63
Sermon, Roger T., 690
Seventh Fleet, 818
Shangri-La, 98
Sherwood, Robert, 54, 56, 68, 189, 190
Shoop, Duke, 671, 672-674, 979, 1031
Short, Joseph, 202, 216, 218, 220, 669, 796-797, 811, 828-829, 845, 861, 868
Short, Mrs. Joseph (Beth Campbell), 209
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 111, 112
Simmons, William D., 198, 199, 557
Sixth Fleet, 344
Smith, Merriman, 289, 399-401, 448, 455, 1002-1003
- Truman, Harry S., reacts to his support for Thomas Dewey, 976-979
Snyder, John W., 368, 369, 372, 546, 1046
Souers, Sidney W., 861
South Korea, invaded by North Korea, 497
Southern vote in 1948 Presidential election, 652
Spanish-American War, 847
Spokane, Washington, 595
Stacy, Harold, 410
Stalin, 39, 40, 41, 90, 131, 134, 167, 172, 254, 258, 260, 272, 273, 280, 285, 298, 299, 304, 309, 310, 311,
- Potsdam:
- attitude, at, 323
demands made at, 343-344
Truman, Harry S., informs of the atomic bomb, at, 320-321
Truman, Harry S., makes statement at Klamath Falls, Oregon, on, 343
Steelman, John R., 618, 707
Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 238, 239-241, 244
Stevenson, Adlai E., 141, 417, 877, 878, 882, 953
- background of, 872-874, 906
Presidential election campaign of 1952, 884-907, 909-921, 931, 932
Presidential election campaign, 1956, 886-907, 921-922
- Truman, Harry S., liaison during the campaign, 892-893
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., as a writer for, 896-900
Truman, Harry S.:
writer, as a, 900-901, 902
Stimson, Edward S., 311, 314-315, 320, 507, 1054
Stowe, David H., 618
Submarine base, at Key West, 528-530
Suez Canal, 344
Sun Valley, Idaho, 556-557
T
Taft, Robert A., 821, 834, 837, 872
Tass, 222
Tehran, 274
Television, impact on Presidential elections, 920-925
Tempelhof Airfield, 298
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 369
Thirty-fifth Division Association, reunion of, 545-549
Thurmond, Strom, 645, 656, 657
Time Magazine, 485, 925
Tiptonville, Tennessee, 370, 372
Tromso, Norway, 313
Truman, Harry S., 61, 62, 87, 153-154, 214, 227, 274, 281, 299, 310, 311, 318, 319, 342, 378, 380, 433, 441,
-
-
- 725-726, 776, 792, 799, 801, 814, 901, 905, 907-908, 912, 917
- accomplishments of, 1033, 1037-1041
Acheson, Dean:
- informs of the North Korean invasion of South Korea, 719-720, 721
reaction to the defense perimeter speech given by, 496
Secretary of State, for, 505, 508
adminstration of:
advisors of, 615, 616, 1053-1054
American Legion Fair at Caruthersville, Missouri, attends, 368, 369, 371-372
Arvey, Jacob M., meets with, 545
assassination attempt on, 776-792
atomic bomb:
- announces to the crew of the Augusta that the first atomic bomb had been dropped on Japan, 328-329
decision to drop, 315-317
informed of the project to create, 311-312
questioned by reporters about sharing the bomb with Great Britain, 373-379
statement dealing with is made, 612-614
testing, informed of the successful completion of, 315
background of, 152
Barkley, Alben, as his Vice Presidential candidate, 583-584
Berkeley, California, speech at, 563-564
Berlin, Germany, tours, 299-304
Byrnes, James F.:
- relationship, 245-254
Secretary of State, appointed, 244
Canfil, Fred A., friendship with, 261-262
card player, as a, 259-260, 263, 269-270
Carey, Idaho, speech given at, 559-562
Churchill, Winston, as an admirer of, 325-326
civil rights, during the administration of, 649
Cuba, visits, 535-538
daily routines of, 604-606
decisions, ability to make, 1042-1043
defense budget, cut under the administration of, 498-504
Democratic National Convention, 1944, as the Vice Presidential choice of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 71
Democratic National Convention, 1948, 571-588
Democratic National Convention, 1952, attends, 881-883
Detroit, Michigan, speech deliveved in, 620-621, 639
Dexter, 'Iowa, speech given at the National Plowing Contest, 621-627, 638-639
domestic policy of, 1041
driver, as a, 985-987
Early, Stephen, as Assistant Secretary of Defense for, 510
Eightieth Congress:
- attacks in the 1948 election campaign, 550-554
recalls for special session, announcement of, 574-583, 585-588
Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
evaluation of his place in history, 1050-1053
Excelsior Springs, Missouri, spends election night at, 681-682
Federal Building, his offices at the, 982-983, 984-985, 987-988
Ferdinand Magellan, his daily routine on the campaign train, 604-605
first months of his administration, 166-172
fisherman, as a, 363-364
foreign policy of, 1033-1040
Formosa, policy toward during the Korean war, 818-826
Fort Jefferson, visits, 530-531
friendly manner of, 665-668
George VI, meets with the King of Great Britain, 326-327
Greece, decision to aid, 570
Harlem, New York, speech given at, 649, 651
Hume, Paul, letter written to, 798-804
inauguration day, 1952, 968-973
Independence, Missouri, returns to, 973-982, 985, 987, 1028-1029
Inter-American Conference at Rio de Janeiro, the return trip from, 483-491
Japan, announces surrender of, 333-335
Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner, 1952, announces that he will not seek reelection, 141, 864-866
Johnson, Louis, appointed Secretary-of War, 507, 508
Kaltenborn, H.V., performs an immitation of, 682-683
Kansas City, Missouri, returns to, 351
Key West, Florida:
Klamath Falls, Oregon, statement on Stalin, 343
Korean war:
- atomic weapons, possible use of considered during, 805-810
Formosa, policy toward during, 818-826
meeting of advisors called to discuss, 729-730, 731
Krock, Arthur, grants an exclusive interview to, 442-444, 446-448, 449-452, 462, 464-466
legislative programs, 693-694
lend-lease, termination of, 166-169
Los Angeles, California speech, 564-565
MacArthur, Douglas:
Maragon, John, sends on mission to Greece, 180-181
Marshall, George C.:
Memoirs, as the author of, 1009, 1011, 1012-1013
Missouri, U.S.S., return trip from Rio de Janeiro Conference on, 483-491
Molotov, Vyacheslav M., meeting with, 280-282
Morgenthau plan, decision on, 47
Nixon, Robert G.:
- exclusive interview given by, 611-614, 686-690, 988-1001, 1004-1008, 1013-1017, 1018-1020,
friendly manner toward, 668-670
learns that he would not run for reelection in 1952, 857-871
predicts victory of, 645-649, 653, 655
pressure to get exclusive interview, 452-456
relationship with, 1055-1056
sport shirt, receives from, 539-541
Yalta, questions on, 278-279
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, speech given in, 602-604
Olympia, Washington, visits, 236-237
personal qualities of, 1041-1043, 1055-1057
poker player, as a, 269-271, 353-363
political attacks on, 695-699, 703-704
Potsdam:
pre-campaign trip, June 1948, 545-550, 554-555, 556-569
President:
- first few days as, 389
reverence for the office of, 1009-1011
Presidential campaign, 1944, 218-219
Presidential campaign, 1948, 638-640
Presidential campaign, 1952:
Presidential campaign, 1956, liaison with the Adlai.,Stevenson campaign, 892-893
Presidential election, 1948:
Presidential press conferences of, 387-388, 390, 393-395, 401-403, 421-424
- first conference of, 155, 158
identification of questioners, reason for requiring, 406-420, 422-423, 424
Indian Treaty Room, moved to, 404, 421-422, 425-429, 434-436
Key West, given at, 467-473, 478-479
press:
Puerto Rico, visits, 539
red herring, remark made by, 412-413
Reelfoot Lake, visits, 369-370, 372-378
Reinsch, Leonard, as his speech coach, 163-164
Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
Ross, Charles:
St. Louis, Missouri, speech given in, 659-663, 1032
Secret Service, difficulty of guarding, 349-352
Senator, as a, 64-65
shortcomings of, 1043-1050
Smith, Merriman , reacting to his joining Tom Dewey's campaign train, 976-979
South Korea, learns of the invasion of, 497
speaking ability of, 159-160, 565-569
staff of
Stalin, informs him of the successful testing of the atomic bomb, 320-321
Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., appointed representative to the United Nations, 244
Stevenson, Adlai:
Sun Valley, Idaho, visits, 556-557
Thirty-fifth Division Association, 1948 reunion in Omaha, Nebraska, addresses, 545-549
Turkey, decision to aid, 570
Twenty-one point message, delivers, 190-191
United Nations speech, 238
United States troops, reviews in Germany, 308-309
Vaccaro, Tony, relationship, 149-150
Vaughan, Harry, relationship, 707-711
Virgin Islands, visits, 533-538
Wake Island Conference:
walks, 477-478
whistlestops, the success of, 627-629
White House:
- Truman, Harry S. (Mrs. Bess), 125, 149, 689, 690, 866, 869, 968, 971
- Presidential election of 1948, votes in, 679-681
Truman Committee, 312, 314
Truman Library, 1009
Truman, Margaret, 689, 690
Tubby, Roger, 206, 207, 209, 454, 717, 718, 861, 1019
Tully, Grace, 109-110, 157
Turkey, aid to, 181, 215, 570, 1037-1038
Turnip Day, 579
Twenty-one Point Message to Congress, 190-191
U
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1020, 1021
-
- Allies, as, 44-46, 92-94
buffer states, their need for, 278
foreign policy of, 1033-1040
Japan; enters the war against, 317-320, 331
Korean war, part played in, 496-497
soldiers of in Berlin, 300-303, 308
- United Nations, 40, 101, 103, 123
United Press (UP), 289, 290, 522, 976, 994, 1001
United States:
- Korea:
Truman, Harry S., reviews troops in Germany, 308-309
Universal Military Service, 26
V
V-1 rocket, 330
V-2 rocket, 330
Vaccaro, Anthony, 149-150, 289, 455, 979, 1002-1004
Vardaman, James K., Jr., 160-161, 163, 181-182, 183-185, 284, 616, 711, 938, 1047
Vaughan, Harry, 85, 156, 160, 175, 177, 263, 269, 284, 352, 353, 357, 360-361, 546, 561, 721, 861, 862, 939,
-
- Vichy government (France), 715
Vienna, Congress of, 285, 298-299
Vietnam, 496, 635, 814, 815
Villa San Souci, 273
Vinson, Fred M., 254, 255-256, 368, 874
- Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, appointed, 259
Secretary of Treasury, appointed, 257
trip to Moscow, speculation on, 448-449
Virgin Islands, visited by Harry S. Truman, 533-538
Vladivostok, Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, 93, 318-320
W
Waccamaw River, 59
Wake Island Conference, 738, 740, 747-768, 770-773
-
- communication problems, at, 756-763
communique, issued at, 765-767, 771-773
Japan as a part of, 765-766, 772-773
notes leaked to press at, 838-846
notes taken at, 756, 839
Truman, Harry S., speech dealing with, 774-775
- Walgren, Mon, 986
Wallace, Henry A., 62, 644, 645
Wall Street, 638, 643
War Investigating Committee, 65
Warm Springs Foundation, 101
Warm Springs, Georgia, 104-105, 212
Washington, George, 932, 1052
Washington Hotel, 352
Washington Post, 605, 994
Washington Star, 962, 994
Watson, General Edwin M. "Pa," 88-89
Western Union, 375, 376
Westminster College, 85
Whistlestops, the success of, 627-629
White House, 332, 336, 352, 777, 780
- Adams, Sherman, visits, 960-965
correspondents dinner, 1945, 95-97
entrances and exits to, 606-612
map room at, 286, 288
press room at, 335
reporters:
White House Sailor, 861
Whitney, A. F., 643
Whitney, Courtney, 831
Williamsburg, U.S.S., 248, 249, 251, 357, 532, 535
Willkie, Wendell, 633
Wilson, Woodrow, 114, 635, 904, 918, 1052
Wolf's Cove, 38
Woodring, Harry H., problems with Louis Johnson, 505-507
Woodward, Stan, 985
World War II:
- Germany, plans for the Allied invasion of, 304-307
London, England, a discussion of the attack on, 12-20
shortage of consumer goods, 935-936
Y
Yalta Conference, 39-40, 44, 77, 92, 95, 131, 273, 274, 280, 308, 319, 325, 411, 768, 808, 814
Young, Merl, 940-945, 1049
Young, Mrs. Merl (Lauretta W.), 940-944
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