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Oral History Interviews with
James I. Loeb
National director, Union for Democratic Action (1945-47) and Americans for Democratic Action (1947-51); Consultant to President Harry S. Truman's special counsel (1951-52); Executive Assistant to Governor W. Averell Harriman (1952); U.S. Ambassador to Peru (1961-62); and Ambassador to Guinea (1963-65).
June 26 & June 27, 1970
By Jerry N. Hess
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[Notices and Restrictions | List of Subjects Discussed]
Notice
These are transcripts of tape-recorded interviews conducted for the Harry S. Truman Library. A draft of each transcript was edited by the interviewee but only minor emendations were made; therefore, the reader should remember that these are essentially transcripts of the spoken, rather than the written word.
Numbers appearing in square brackets (ex. [45]) within the transcript indicate the pagination in the original, hardcopy version of the oral history interview.
RESTRICTIONS
These oral history transcripts may be read, quoted from, cited, and reproduced for purposes of research. They may not be published in full except by permission of the Harry S. Truman Library.
List of Subjects Discussed
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X-Y-Z
A
- 113-114
Adirondack Daily Enterprize, 10
Africa, 223-22
Agnew, Spiro T., 229
Alabama, 62
Alexander, Archibald, 129
Alsop, Stewart, 50
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 34
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 32
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), 8, 28, 45, 46, 47, 52, 54, 59, 65, 81, 89, 98, 100, 107, 111, 112, 113, 135, 184, 209, 213, 216
- and Eisenhower, Dwight David, 15-25, 31
paper dealing with, 14-15
reasons for the founding of, 10-13
Truman, Harry S., evaluated by, 17-19
Anderson, Senator Clinton P., 81, 84
Anderson, Eugenie Moore, 35, 36, 55
- and political affairs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, 56-60
Arizona, 201
Arvey, Jacob M., 31, 127, 138
Associated Industries, 71
Associated Press, 148
Atlanta, Georgia, 192
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 19
Atomic bomb, decision to use on Japan, 75-76
B Balch, Richard,
- 201
Baldwin, Calvin Benhem, 54, 55
Ball, George, 47-48, 126, 144
Ball, Ruth, 141, 142
Baltimore Sun, 15
Barkley, Alben W., 32, 36, 70, 154, 155-156, 159, 164
Batt, William Jr., 91, 105
Bausch and Lomb, 71
Bean, Louis, 66
Bell, David E., 147, 187, 189
Benneton, Norman, 205
Berlin, Germany, 74
Bernie, Ben, 206
Biddle, Francis, 135
Biemiller, Andrew, 32
Biffle, Leslie, 155
Bingham, Senator Hiram, 210-211
Bingham, Jonathan, 202, 209-210
Bingham, William, 202
Blair, William McCormick, Jr., 166
Blair-Lee House, 114, 135
Bliven, Bruce, 56
Borah, Senator William, 211
Borden, Ellen, 109
Bowles, Chester, 8, 20, 24, 64, 101
Braden, Thomas W., 8, 202
Brandeis University, 64
Brofoss, Erik, 216
Brogan, Sir Denis, 228
Budget Bureau, 224
Bulova, 205
Bundy, McGeorge, 224
Burns, James MacGregor, 201
Byrnes, James F., 25, 28, 54, 124
C California,
- 31, 33-34, 63
Carey, James, 135
Carnegie Endowment for Peace, 118
Carr, Robert Kenneth, and knowledge of New Hampshire politics, 92-94, 96
Carroll, Senator John A., 111, 189-190
Catton, Bruce, 85-86
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 8, 204
Chapman, Oscar L., 65, 85, 108, 155
Chapman, Senator Virgil Munday, 30
Chicago, Illinois, 3, 4, 9, 126, 137-138, 147, 148
Chicago Daily News, 202
Childs, Marquis, 111
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), 16
Civil Rights, 76
- as an issue in the 1948 Democratic National Convention, 27, 30-40, 41-43
and the Presidential Civil Rights Commission, 36, 92
Clark, Blair, 162
Clifford, Clark, 65, 119
Clymer, Adam, 15
Cohn, Benjamin V., 158
Collingwood, Charles, 115, 116
Colorado, 111, 190
Columbia University, 20, 162, 201
Commodity Credit Corporation, 67
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 19-20, 50
Connecticut Manufacturers Association, 210
Connelly, Matthew, 185
D Daily Worker,
- 206, 212
Dartmouth College, 3, 4, 5, 6, 92, 94, 95, 96, 148
Davis, Elmer, 16
Deerfield Shields Township High School, 3
Democratic Farmer-Labor Party, 59
Democratic National Committee, 9, 81, 83, 84, 208
Democratic Party Platform, 1948, and the Civil Rights Section of, 27, 30-40, 41-43
Denmark, 198
Dennison, Robert L., 193
De Sapio, Carmine, 182, 183
Dewey, Thomas, 31, 151
as a candidate in the 1948 Presidential election, 67, 68-69, 71-72
Dixiecrats, 38-39, 44
Donahue, Elizabeth, 107, 126-127
Douglas, Paul, 100
Douglas, William O., 24, 25, 112
Dulles, Allen, 8
Dulles, John Foster, 118, 179, 228
E Edwards, India,
- 154
Egypt, 157
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 128-129, 150-151, 153, 154, 155, 162, 165, 169, 175-176, 180, 228-229
Eisenhower, Milton, 20
Elsey, George, 186-187, 189
Epstein, Henry, 46
Evanston, Illinois, 106
Eyer, Cortland, 204
F Farley, James,
- 37, 54
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208
Feeney, Joseph, 190
Feinberg, Abraham, 64
Finnegan, James, 174
Fitzpatrick, Paul, 150
"Flaming Arrows to the Sky: A Memoir of Adlai Stevenson", 144-145
Flanders, Senator Ralph E., 214
Flynn, Ed, 37-38
Foreign Relations Committee, 225
Franco, John Richard, 89, 90
Frankfurter, Felix, 77
Freeman, Orville, 59
Fritchey, Clayton, 171-172
G Galbraith, John Kenneth,
- 44, 85, 225
Garner, John Nance, 218
Germany, 12, 18
Ginsburg, David, 24, 64
Grain storage bins, 67-68
Granger, Lester, 22, 23
Greece, 74
Gross, Bertram, 83
Guinea, 10
Gunther, Violet, 103, 107
H Haas, Herbert,
- 192-193
Harding, Warren, 224, 231
Harriman, W. Averell, 10, 70, 115, 139, 144, 166, 167, 168-169, 178-179, 186-187, 199-200, 222-223
Harris, Lou, 161-162, 163
Harrison, George, 152
Harvard, 14, 16
Harvard Crimson, 15
Hassett, William, 185
Hechler, Kenneth, 187
Henderson, Leon, 20, 45
Hersey, John, 194
Highland Park, Illinois, 3
Hillman, Sidney, 18-19
Hiss, Alger, 117-118
Hitler, Adolf, 12, 231
Hull, Cordell, 78
Humphrey, Hubert, 31, 32, 36-38, 42, 58-59, 112
Hungary, 175
Hunter College, 7
I Illinois,
- 31, 100, 105, 106, 114
Independence, Missouri, 73
India, 8, 15
Iowa, 68
The Ironies of American History, 74
Israel, 63, 65, 175
Ives, Elizabeth, 124, 141
J Jackson County, Missouri,
- 73
Jefferson, Thomas, 219
Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner, 130-133, 194
Johnson, Senator Hiram, 211
Johnson, Lyndon B., 76-77, 97, 185
Johnson, Walter, 137, 147
K Kansas,
- 35
Kefauver, Senator Estes, 96, 97, 158, 173
Kennedy, John F., 76-77, 162, 177, 199
Kennedy, Joseph P., 16
Kentucky, 29-30
Kerner Commission Report, 64
Kerr, Barbara, 116
Kerr, Chester, 116
Kerr, Senator Robert, as a possible candidate to be President, 119-121
Keyserling, Leon, 208
Key West, 133, 139-140
Korea, 180
Kroll, Jack, 20
L LaFollette, Robert M.,
- 226
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 7, 46
Lake Placid, New York, 45, 46, 70
Lake Placid News, 10
Landis, James, 6
Landry, Robert, 193
Lanigan, James L., 139, 148, 165, 166, 179, 182, 183, 196
Laski, Harold, 77
Lawrence, David, 38
Lehman, Senator Herbert, 135, 152, 159, 200
Leuchtenburg, William E., 201
Leviero, Anthony, 187
Liberty League, 54
Lilienthal, David, 111
Lincoln, Abraham, 219
Lloyd, David, 8, 80, 82, 102, 107, 189, 212
Loeb, James I., 145, 202
- and the Americans for Democratic Action, 8
background of, 3-10
and the Democratic National Committee, 9
France, as a student in, 6
Guinea, as ambassador to, 10
Harriman, W. Averell, discusses, 10, 199-201
Johnson, Lyndon B., evaluated by Loeb, 219-223, 224-225, 227-228
Kennedy, John F., evaluated by Loeb, 220-223, 224, 226-227, 228
and McCarthyism, 202-209
and Murphy, Charles, 184
Nixon, Richard M., evaluated by Loeb, 228, 229-232
Peru, as ambassador to, 10
and "Playclass" for children, 4-5
Progressive Citizens of America, addresses, 45-52
Roosevelt, Franklin D., evaluated by Loeb, 216-218
and Souers, Admiral Sidney W., 191-193
and Stevenson, Adlai, 9-10
Truman, Harry S., evaluated by Loeb, 194-197, 218-219, 220, 224
Twenty Years of Teamwork, 81-86
and the White House staff, 80-87, 184-193
Lombardo, Guy, 206
Louisiana, 62
Loyalty Review Board, 209, 210
M McAdoo, William Gibbs,
- 218
McArthur, General Douglas, 120, 186
McCarren, Senator Patrick A., 159
McCarthy, Senator Eugene, 43-44, 97, 162
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 202, 209, 211-212, 214
McCullouch, Frank, 106
McFarland, Senator Ernest, 84
McGovern Committee, 198
McGrath, J. Howard, 106
McKinney, Frank E., 9, 94, 137, 155
McMahon, Senator Brain, 73
Madison, Wisconsin, 42
Madison Square Garden, 55, 56
Manchester, New Hampshire, Union Leader, 202
Mankiewicz, Frank, 8
Marshall Plan, 47-48, 49, 51, 74
Martin, John Bartlow, 98
Maverick, Maury, 160-161
Maylon, Charles, 190-191
Memoirs, by Harry S. Truman, 135, 152
Michigan, 69, 89-90
Military Affairs Committee, 225
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 30, 31, 36
- political problems in, 56-60
Minnesota, 67
Mississippi, 32-33
Mitchell, Stephen, 118-119
Mondale, Walter, 67
Moody, Senator Blair, 89-90, 105, 164
Murphy, Charles S., 2, 9, 21, 22, 82, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91-92, 95, 97, 102, 114, 119, 124, 126, 133-134, 137, 140, 142, 143-144, 145-146, 147, 161, 184, 189, 191, 195, 196, 197, 203, 208
Murray, Esther, 32
Murray, Philip, 19
Musset, Alfred de, 205
Myers, Senator Francis John, 32, 38
N National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,
- 23
National Association of Manufacturers, 71
National Labor Relations Board, 106
National Urban Labor League, 22
Nazi-Soviet Pact, 12
Neal, William Elmer, 188
Nelson, Gaylord, 42-43
Neustadt, Richard, 130, 148, 160, 168, 188-189
New Deal, 216
New Hampshire, politics in, 92-98
New Republic, 53, 55-56
New York, New York, 6, 7, 46, 62, 64, 73, 109, 112, 139, 149, 150
- Harriman, W. Averell, as candidate for Governor of, 181-183
New York Herald-Tribune, 206
New York Times, 8, 141, 182-183, 186, 206
New Yorker, 156
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 7-8, 12, 74, 129-130
Nixon, Richard M., 223
evaluated by James Loeb, 228, 229-232
Norris, Senator George, 211
Northwestern University, 6, 204
Norway, 216
O Oberlin College,
- 92
O'Connell, Joseph, 16-17
Office of Price Administration, 64
Oklahoma, 119
O'Mahoney, Senator Joseph C., 168, 180
Oregon, 108
"Out But Happy Club"", 191
P Paley, William,
- 5
Paris, Kentucky, 29
Pennsylvania, 32, 38, 174
Perlmeter, Irving, 186
Peru, 10, 65
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 34, 51
Pinchot, Gifford, 45
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 20, 22
Political Action Committee of the CIO, 20
Porter, Paul, 29, 64
Presidential Civil Rights Commission, 36, 92
Presidential election campaign, 1948:
- Dewey, Thomas, as a candidate, 67, 68-69, 71-72
grain storage bins as an issue, 67-68
splinter parties, 61-63
Truman, Harry S., and predictions concerning his election, 66-70
Presidential election campaign, 1952:
- Democratic candidates discussed, 98-101
Harriman, W. Averell, as a candidate, 148, 149-150, 151-153, 156-163
Stevenson, Adlai, as a possible candidate, 98, 100-121, 124-130, 135-150, 164-165
Truman, Harry S.:
- campaigns for Democratic candidates, 176-177
decision not to run, 130-135
Presidential election campaign, 1956, Adlai Stevenson's involvement in, 170-171, 172-176
Presidential election campaign, 1960, Harry S. Truman campaigns during, 177-178
Presidential primary system, a discussion of, 197-200
Pressman, Lee, 50-51
Prichard, Edward Kettlewell, Jr., 28, 30
Progressive Citizens of America, 52
- Loeb, James, addresses, 45-52
Puerto Rico, 49
Pulitzer Prize, 187
Q Quill, Michael,
R Rauh, Joseph,
- 26, 35, 107, 124, 126, 157
Rayburn, Sam, 32, 34, 66
Red Wing, Minnesota, 56
Reston, James B., 141
Reuther, Walter, 90, 113
Rhode Island, 36, 106
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 1
Rockefeller, Governor Nelson, 70-71, 167, 199, 200
Rocky Mountain News, 180
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 79-80
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 17, 41, 47, 52, 54, 56, 61, 76, 111-112, 113, 192, 219
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 149, 152, 161, 163, 182-183, 201
Roosevelt, James, 21
Rose, Alex, 183
Rosenberg, Marvin, 112-113
Rowe, James, 200
Russell, Senator Richard B., 39
Russian war relief, 14
S Sam Adams School,
- 205
San Francisco, California, 117
Saranac Lake, New York, 16-17
Scheuer, Congressman James, 149, 201
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 85, 101, 107, 116, 143, 165, 170, 172, 181, 223
Schultz, George Pratt, 223
Schoenbrun, David, 162
Sevareid, Eric, 48-49, 50
Shelley, John Francis, 33
Sherman, General William T., 146-147
"Shivercrats", 160
Short, Joseph, 81, 185, 186
Smith, Al, 54, 218
Smith, Howard K., 50
Souers, Admiral Sidney W., and James Loeb, 191-193
South America, 226
South Carolina, 124
Southern Linen Supply Company, 191-192, 193
Springfield, Illinois, 124, 127
Stassen, Harold, 67
Steelman, John, 187
Stennis, John Cornelius, 226
Stevenson, Adlai, 9-10, 33, 87, 123, 134-135, 151, 156, 166, 169-170, 179, 202
- Presidential election campaign, 1952 as a possible candidate in, 98, 100-121, 124-130, 135-150, 164-165
Presidential election campaign, 1956, 170-171, 172-176
Truman, Harry S.:
Stevenson, Ellen Borden, 115, 116-117
Stewart, Milton, 35
Stimson, Henry L., 75
Stowe, David, 131
Straight, Michael, 215
Stritch, Cardinal H. E. Samuel, 118
Sullivan,-John L., 95-96, 97
Sullivan and Cromwell, 200
Sweetland, Monroe, 108, 127, 135
T Taft, Senator Robert,
- 20, 150, 151
Taft-Hartley Act, 66
Talmadege, Senator Herman E., 163-164
Tannenwald, Theodore, Jr., 167
Ten Point Civil Rights Message, 39
Tennessee, 96
Texas, 160
Thomas, Norman, 11-12
Thomas Jefferson School, 205
Thurmond, Senator J. Strom, 39, 61, 231
To Secure These Rights, 39
Toure, Sekou, 222-223
Townsend, Dr. Francis E., 48
Townsend Harris High School, 7
Transport Workers Union, 12
Truman Harry S., 2, 16, 21, 25-26, 27, 30, 35, 36, 39, 81, 98, 102, 104, 106, 123, 124, 129, 130, 144, 146, 159, 160-161, 186, 192, 198, 203
- Americans for Democratic Action, Truman's opinion of, 17-19
atomic bomb, decides to use, 75-76
civil rights, views on, 40-41
and Kerr, Senator Robert, 119-121
and Loeb, James, evaluation of Truman, 74-76, 218--219, 220, 224
Presidential election campaign, 1948, electoral predictions, 66-67
and Presidential election campaign, 1952:
Presidential election campaign, 1960, 177-178
speechwriting for, a discussion, 194-197
Stevenson, Adlai, meeting with, 108-110
Truman, Mrs. Harry S. (Bess), 135, 177
Truman Doctrine, 74
Tubby, Roger, 2, 10, 131, 135, 148, 168-169, 171, 177-178, 180, 185
Tugwell, Rexford Guy, 48, 49-50, 51-52
Turkey, 74
Twenty Years of Teamwork, James Loeb's involvement in compiling, 81-86
U Union for Democratic Action,
- 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 89
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 12-13, 15, 175
United Automobile Workers, 90
United Kingdom, 175
United Nations, 117
University of Pennsylvania, 33
Urban League, 23, 109
Utah, 168
V Vandenberg, Arthur H.,
W Wake Island conference,
- 186
Wallace, George, 230-231
Wallace, Henry, 17, 43, 44, 47, 49, 62, 78, 207, 219
Washington, D.C., 73, 109, 139
Washington, George, 219
Watkins, Senator Arthur V., 214-215
Weaver, George, 207
Wechsler, James H., 50, 69
Welch, Joseph, 214
Welles, Sumner, 78
White, William Allen, 11
William Allen White Committee, 11
Williams, Governor G. Mennen, 89, 90, 91
Williamsburg, USS, 168
Wisconsin, 58
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